Safety Devices in Modern Day Cars.



Our cars of today have evolved from being seen as mere mechanical contraptions of the yesteryear's
to intelligently engineered and computerized  piece of technological masterclass.

This did not just come on a platter of gold as manufactures did put in a good amount of effort in ensuring
that this improvement comes to be especially when it involves modern safety features .


 Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)

 Helps prevent brakes from locking

The ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) monitors the speed of each wheel to detect locking. When it detects sudden braking, it will release braking pressure for a moment and then provide optimum braking pressure to each wheel. By repeating this process in a short period of time, it enhances steering control during sudden stops. As a result, it will also help improve the ability of stopping the vehicle.
ABS only supports the driver's control of the vehicle, and it is not a substitute for it. It is the driver's responsibility to drive at the appropriate speed depending on the condition of the road and to keep a generous distance from the car ahead of you.

 Concept of ABS







image result of anti lock braking      



Brake Assist

Supports unexpected braking in case of emergency

 

Studies show that nearly half of all drivers do not step on the brake quickly and strongly enough to stop the vehicle in case of an emergency (Toyota's research shown in Figure1).
When Brake Assist detects an attempted panic stop, it supports drivers by strengthening the power (Figure2).
Brake Assist will detect attempted panic braking based on the force that is applied to the brake pedal and how fast the driver is stepping on the pedal. When the system recognizes sudden braking, it will add additional pressure to the brake.
When your foot is released during Braking Assist,braking power lessens and regulates the brakes with ease.


image result of emergency braking
Emergency stopping distance on drying road
(starting speed 50km/h)
image results of emergency brking*Possible Scenario

Traction Control (TRC)

Helps prevent wheel slippage when the vehicle is starting or accelerating on wet or slippery roads

 

When you are starting the vehicle or accelerating on a wet surface, you could lose control of the wheel because of wheel spin. TRC will help prevent such events from happening.
TRC continually monitors the condition between the tires and the surface of the road.
When it detects wheel spin, the system applies brakes or slows down the engine to regulate spinning and help ensure proper contact of tires. This help prevent the car from becoming unstable.
There might be the cases in which the half-side of the wheel runs off or the wheels spin off on the snowy road. And also there might be the case that the current tractino control might not be working well.
In those cases, Auto LSD is one of the technologies which both improve startability and runability.

Concept of TRC/ Rear-wheel drive layout

image results of vehicle stability control

Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)

Helps prevent wheels from slipping sideways when cornering or sudden steering

VSC is a system that helps prevent side skids and help stabilize the vehicle while turning on a curve.
When the vehicle senses a loss of traction or a slip, braking is automatically applied to all 4 individual wheels and engine power is reduced to help secure the safety of the vehicle. For example, if the steering wheel refuses to turn from over-speeding (under-steering), the vehicle will take control to steer toward the inner curve. Also, when the vehicle begins to spin from abrupt steering handling (over-steering), the vehicle will take control to steer toward the outer curve.
*VSC is designed to help the driver maintain vehicle control, and it is not a substitute for safe driving practices. Also, the system will not be able to surpass the performance of the quality of the tires.



Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Helps prevent accidents caused by decreased tire air pressure

This system will alert drivers when critically low tire air pressure is detected.
There are two different types of sensors in this system: a direct method, in which a pressure sensor on each tire employs direct pressure, and an indirect method, in which the ABS monitors low air pressure from the sensor on each tire.

Conception of system

[Direct-sensors] image results of tire traction control
Feature : Detects absolute air pressure and uses transmitter to send data.
[Indirect-sensors]
Feature : Detects apparent air pressure and differentials between tire pressure.



Navigation-Brake Assist

Works with the navigation system to provide stop sign information

The system coordinates with the navigation system and provides information about certain stop sign locations and supports braking.

Flow Chart on how the Brake Assist activates through temporary stop alerts

[1] Temporary Stop Notice

Notice is made around 100 meters prior to stop sign
image results of lane asists

[2] Temporary Stop Alert

An alert is made 4 seconds prior to stop sign
image results of brake assists

[3] Navigation-Brake Assist

Brake Assist is activated prior to stop sign when making sudden stops
image results of brake assist

 

Approaching Vehicle Audible System

Notifies pedestrians of your vehicle

image results of park assist
EV-operated (Electric Vehicle) hybrid cars run very quietly. In the case in Japan, every time the vehicle is driven at 25km/h or reversing, the system can notify pedestrians with an automated alert sound.
image results of park assist
To be courtesy, the sound can be turned off.
image results of park assists 

Supports the visibility and maneuvering for the driver when parking

Clearance Sonar Detects Objects by Ultrasonic Waves

Clearance Sonar Image
The ultrasonic wave sensor is built into the corners of the bumper. It detects the distance to objects and notifies the driver with sound and display lamp alerts.
There also is a steering-sensor that uses the steering maneuver and angle. It detects the distance of approaching obstacles and notifies a driver by a clearance sonar indication light and buzzer.

Back Guide Monitor Supports Garage Parking

Camera Display Range When backing up the vehicle, please check your surroundings and confirm your safety.
The camera installed on the rear side of the vehicle displays the view when backing into a garage.
A guidance line appears according to how the steering wheel is operated. By letting the driver confirm the parking space into which they are backing, this equipment helps the driver park smoothly.

Intelligent Parking Assist (IPA) Supports Parking Maneuvers
*IPA:Intelligent Parking Assist

This system assists with the steering wheel operation while parallel parking or parking in garages.
When the driver sets the designed parking position on the monitor, the system assists the steering wheel operation.
Even if the driver is not good at parking, they will be able to park their car more smoothly.
Intelligent Parking Assists-Movement Image


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